Shri Krishna

कोई कमजोर है, उसकी कब मदद करें और कितनी?
कोई कमजोर है, उसकी कब मदद करें और कितनी?
15 min
ये सब जो काम होते है न बीमारों की सेवा कर देना, धर्म के नाम पर भंडारा लगा देना। क्या मतलब है इनका धर्म से? क्या मतलब है? तुम खुद उस व्यवस्था में भागीदार हो जो शोषणकारी है, दमनकारी है, जिसमें किसी को अमीर करने के लिए हज़ारों को गरीब रखना जरूरी है। वो गरीब खुद तुमने पैदा करे है। उसके बाद साल में एक-दो दिन तुम उनको खाना खिला के और कम्बल बांट के, अपने आप को धार्मिक घोषित कर रहे है और कह रहे हो मैं तो कमज़ोरों का मसीहा हूँ।
भगवद गीता - कर्मयोग: अध्याय 3, श्लोक 9
भगवद गीता - कर्मयोग: अध्याय 3, श्लोक 9
53 min

यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणोऽन्यत्र लोकोऽयं कर्मबन्धन: | तदर्थं कर्म कौन्तेय मुक्तसङ्ग: समाचर ||3. 9||

अन्वय: यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणोऽन्यत्र (यज्ञ के लिए किए कर्म के अलावा अन्य कर्म में) लोकोऽयं (लगा हुआ) कर्मबन्धनः (कर्मों के बन्धन में फँसता है) कौन्तेय (हे अर्जुन) मुक्तसङ्गः (आसक्ति छोड़कर) तत्-अर्थ (यज्ञ के लिए) कर्म (कर्म) समाचर (करो)

काव्यात्मक अर्थ: बाँधते

(Gita-8) The Self and the Joy of Immortality
(Gita-8) The Self and the Joy of Immortality
37 min
If all that the Ego wants is liberation from itself, which means coming to see its own non-existence, then the only way to see its non-existence is by paying attention to itself. The more the Ego pays attention to itself, it sees that it does not exist. The more the Ego remains attached to this and that, all the sensory inputs, the Ego feels that is real and this is real.
श्रीकृष्ण कब अवतरित होंगे?
श्रीकृष्ण कब अवतरित होंगे?
7 min
जब-जब तुम सच्चाई की ओर नहीं बढ़ते, तब-तब जीवन दुख, दरिद्रता, कष्ट, रोग और बेचैनियों से भर जाता है। अधर्म अपने चरम पर चढ़ जाता है, और विवश होकर तुम्हें आँखें खोलनी पड़ती हैं। तब मानना पड़ता है कि तुम्हारी राह ग़लत थी, और ग़लत राह को छोड़कर तुम्हें सत्य की ओर मुड़ना पड़ता है। अतः जब तुम अंधेरे को पीठ दिखाते हो, तो श्रीकृष्ण को अपने समक्ष पाते हो। यही श्रीकृष्ण का अवतरण है।
How Gita Transforms Your Mind?
How Gita Transforms Your Mind?
43 min
The entire Bhagavad Gita is devoted to Freedom from the conditioning of the body and the conditioning of the mind. Gita is about letting Arjuna know who he is. In a very liberal way, Shri Krishna says, "If you realize who you are, then you will know what to do. I do not need to instruct you. So Arjuna is not even being motivated, let alone being instructed. He's being illuminated." And that illumination enables him to do what he must.
भगवद गीता - कर्मयोग: अध्याय 3, श्लोक 8
भगवद गीता - कर्मयोग: अध्याय 3, श्लोक 8
52 min

श्लोक: नियतं कुरु कर्म, त्वं कर्म ज्यायो ह्यकर्मणः। शरीरयात्रापि च ते न, प्रसिद्ध्येदकर्मणः॥3.8॥

काव्यात्मक अर्थ:

कर्म के परि त्याग से, श्रेष्ठ है नि यत कर्म । कर्मयात्रा पर चल पड़े, जि स क्षण लि या जीव जन्म॥

आचार्य जी: श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता गीता, तीसरा अध्याय कर्म का विषय है, पिछले सत्र में

उसे सौंप दो, उसे संभालने दो, तुम रास्ते से हटो
उसे सौंप दो, उसे संभालने दो, तुम रास्ते से हटो
47 min
यह आदमी जो अपने ऊपर हंसना शुरू करता है, यह अकर्ता हो जाता है। नॉन-डूअर हो जाता है। नॉन-डूअर का मतलब यह नहीं कि अब नॉन-डूइंग हो गई। डूइंग तो बहुत होगी! ज़बरदस्त होगी! घनघोर होगी! कल्याणप्रद होगी! ऑसपिसियस होगी! डूइंग होगी, डूअर नहीं होगा। पर कर्ता नहीं होगा। और जो यह कर्ता-हीन कर्म होता है, "द डीड विदाउट डूअर", इसके क्या कहने! यह फिर अवतारों की लीला समान हो जाता है। यह जीवन को खेल बना देता है। यह पृथ्वी पर स्वर्ग उतार देता है। यह बहुत पुराना जो कैदी है, उसे आकाश की आज़ादी दे देता है।
श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता दूसरा अध्याय २, श्लोक 15-24
श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता दूसरा अध्याय २, श्लोक 15-24
45 min
मनुष्य की देह होने भर से आपको कोई विशेषाधिकार नहीं मिल जाता, यहाँ तक कि आपको जीवित कहलाने का अधिकार भी नहीं मिल जाता। सम्मान इत्यादि का अधिकार तो बहुत दूर की बात है, ये अधिकार भी नहीं मिलेगा कि कहा जाए कि ज़िन्दा हो।
Is Pop Religion Compatible With the Gita?
Is Pop Religion Compatible With the Gita?
38 min
The center of the Gita is 'Nishkamta'—desireless action stemming from self-knowledge. Whereas popular religion is all about the fulfillment of desire. We go to a supernatural power and beg him to grant our desires. That is popular religion. You can either have the Gita or the entirety of religion as practiced in common culture. They are totally incompatible.
भगवद गीता - अर्जुन विषाद योग: अध्याय 1, श्लोक 1-19
भगवद गीता - अर्जुन विषाद योग: अध्याय 1, श्लोक 1-19
49 min

श्रीमद् भगवत गीता प्रथम अध्याय अर्जुन विषाद योग

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच | धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः | मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय || 1.1 ||

धृतराष्ट्र ने कहा, “हे संजय! धर्मक्षेत्र, कुरुक्षेत्र में युद्ध करने के लिए एकत्रित हुए मेरे पुत्रों और पांडवों ने क्या किया?”

आचार्य प्रशांत: जिज्ञासा से आरंभ हो

भगवद गीता – अध्याय 2 (सांख्य योग), श्लोक 5-11
भगवद गीता – अध्याय 2 (सांख्य योग), श्लोक 5-11
22 min

गुरूनहत्वा हि महानुभावान् श्रेयो भोक्तुं भैक्ष्यमपीह लोके। हत्वार्थकामांस्तु गुरूनिहैव भुञ्जीय भोगान्तधिरप्रदिग्धान् ।।५।।

“मैं तो महानुभाव गुरुओं को न मारकर, इस लोक में भिक्षान्न भोजन करना कल्याणकर मानता हूँ, क्योंकि गुरुओं का वध करके मैं रक्त से सने हुए अर्थ और काम रूपी भोगों को ही तो भोगूँगा।“

~ श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता, श्लोक

भगवद गीता - अर्जुन विषाद योग: अध्याय 1, श्लोक 20-39
भगवद गीता - अर्जुन विषाद योग: अध्याय 1, श्लोक 20-39
54 min

आचार्य प्रशांत: तो शंखनाद होता है दोनों सेनाओं की ओर से। और संजय बताते हैं कि शंखनाद ने विशेषतया धृतराष्ट्र के पुत्रों के, कौरवों के हृदय में हलचल कर दी। मन उनके कम्पित हो गये, हृदय विदीर्ण हो गया। ये सुनने के बाद अब आते हैं दूसरे पक्ष पर। अर्जुन

(Gita-6) The Mind's Battle: Arjuna's Search for Liberation
(Gita-6) The Mind's Battle: Arjuna's Search for Liberation
27 min
The word for a Guru does not really exist in the English language. So, they have borrowed Guru itself, Guru. But they have borrowed the word Guru and rather misunderstood it and misapplied it. So, anybody who seems to be an expert at anything, can be justifiably called a Guru in the English language. Now that's not the proper usage in spirituality or in Sanskrit.
Why Do We Insult Our Scriptures?
Why Do We Insult Our Scriptures?
27 min
In modern times, reading and respecting the Shastras is often seen in a derogatory light. An Asura disregards the scriptures, saying, “What I know is right. My own experience determines the Truth,” rejecting them because they will not allow him to do what he wants. We have come to a point where we are not merely ignoring but actually insulting the scriptures. If you're sincere about knowing life, why avoid a document with deep insights into it?
Gita Is Not This
Gita Is Not This
7 min
To qualify an entrance exam, and work towards it, without thinking of the results, that’s not what Karma Yoga is. Karma Yoga is not about setting tangible worldly targets and going after them. It’s a moment-to-moment thing in which you are very conscious whether the objective of your action is personal ingratiation or larger welfare. You are acting all the time, you are not acting merely when you act towards a distant and a larger cause.
Why Isn't the Gita for Everyone?
Why Isn't the Gita for Everyone?
8 min
It depends on the pain you are willing to take. Sometimes Duryodhanas have to be turned into Arjunas. It’s just that, it’s relatively easier with an Arjuna. But what to do when even Arjunas are not present to receive the Gita? As long as somebody has anything, anything that resembles consciousness, as long as somebody has even the faintest remnant of consciousness left, Gita can be brought to that person but it will be tough, difficult.
What is Yagya?
What is Yagya?
11 min
In the name of yagya, if you continue to burn wood, you are doing no good to anybody. Yagya must be understood in its true spirit. Shri Krishna says, “Do not act for yourself or for your personal gain. Act for a higher cause; higher than yourself, beyond yourself. Do that action that takes you to your Niyati, which is your end. Yagya is that which dissolves you; that which reduces you.”
Where Is the Kurukshetra of Your Life?
Where Is the Kurukshetra of Your Life?
5 min
Arjuna’s hell was in his daily tasks, and so is yours. Arjuna could sense the evil in what appeared normal to others; you must also be able to sense that there is something extremely fishy in what seems normal to others. Your house, your workplace, your society—these are your Kurukshetra. That’s where you have to fight your Mahabharata. That’s where you need Shri Krishna and the Gita.
Yoga - The Biggest 'Spiritual' Myth Today
Yoga - The Biggest 'Spiritual' Myth Today
17 min
You have ample gurus who come over and say, “You know, you do this and then you can do whatever you want to do.” Now the moment you hear this kind of philosophy that Yoga will help you do better whatever you want to do, I suppose one must run away. Because that’s exactly antithetical to Yoga. Yoga is not about doing whatever you want to do; it’s the ego that says that, not the dedicated, devoted, wise mind. That does not come from there.
The Real Meaning of Devoting One's Action to Shri Krishna
The Real Meaning of Devoting One's Action to Shri Krishna
7 min
You are too small to conceive or imagine who Shri Krishna really is. How then will you devote your actions to him? You can only devote something to an object, and the real Shri Krishna is not an object. So, limit yourself to just practising a certain casualness. A certain beparwahi. You must never accord too much value to your desires and opinions. And if possible, crack a joke or two about yourself. It’s great to be the butt of one’s own jokes!
Why Does One Desire Liberation while the Other does not?
Why Does One Desire Liberation while the Other does not?
5 min

Questioner: Why is there a difference of intensity and love for mukti (liberation) between different human beings?

Acharya Prashant: The differences that you are talking of all relate to time; therefore, they all will be resolved in due course of time. Time gave rise to all those differences, and those

What does “Yada Yada Hi Dharmasya...” mean?
What does “Yada Yada Hi Dharmasya...” mean?
24 min
We love saying, 'Yada-yada hi dharmasya – whenever there is evil, then Krishna comes.' The Lord does not physically drop from the heavens. The metaphor must be understood. It simply means that whenever the ego inflates, it results in suffering, and suffering itself calls for its cessation. This call for cessation of suffering itself is the coming of the Lord.
महाभारत सदा स्वयं से ही लड़ी जाती है
महाभारत सदा स्वयं से ही लड़ी जाती है
19 min

तस्मादसक्त: सततं कार्यं कर्म समाचर ।। असक्तो ह्याचरन्कर्म परमाप्नोति पूरुष: ।।३.१९।।

इसलिए अनासक्त भाव से सदा शुभ कार्य या कर्तव्य कर्म उत्तम रूप से करते रहो, क्योंकि मनुष्य निष्काम रहकर कर्म का अनुष्ठान करते हुए श्रेष्ठ पद मोक्ष प्राप्त करता है।

~ श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता, अध्याय ३, श्लोक १९

आचार्य प्रशांत: हमने

The Many Images of Krishna: Their Utility and Limits
The Many Images of Krishna: Their Utility and Limits
9 min
If you're obsessed with the lover-boy image of Krishna, then you will miss Krishna when he does not come as a charming lover. And he will not always come as a charming lover. If you are obsessed with Krishna, the male, then you will miss Krishna when he comes as a woman. Because, in your imagination, Krishna is the one wearing the peacock feather with the flute at his lips, appearing in attire that belonged to those ages, enjoying milk and butter, speaking Sanskrit.
'गीता सबके लिए नहीं है', ऐसा क्यों कहते हैं कृष्ण?
'गीता सबके लिए नहीं है', ऐसा क्यों कहते हैं कृष्ण?
12 min

आचार्य प्रशांत : केतन हैं, गीता के पाँचवे अध्याय से अट्ठारवाँ श्लोक उद्दृत किया है। श्लोक कहता है-

विद्याविनयसम्पन्ने ब्राह्मणे गवि हस्तिनी | शुनि चैव श्वपाके च पण्डिताः समदर्शिन: ||

“वे ज्ञानीजन विद्या और विनययुक्त ब्राह्मण में तथा गौ, हाथी, कुत्ते और चाण्डाल में भी समदर्शी ही होते हैं।”

भगवद्गीता,अध्याय

Is Krishna Available Only to Arjuna?
Is Krishna Available Only to Arjuna?
14 min
Remember, it is not as if Krishna did not try with Duryodhana. Krishna goes to Duryodhana and what does Duryodhana do? He tries to arrest him. Krishna goes as the messenger of peace and Duryodhana says no, no, no! The action of Love is still taking place. He is not saying that I will leave Duryodhana to his fate. He says it is my responsibility to teach even Duryodhana. But when Duryodhana proves it beyond doubt, that he is incorrigible, then Krishna says, “Fine, now that the battle is destined, let the blows rain.”
What Are the Four Ways to Krishna Darshan?
What Are the Four Ways to Krishna Darshan?
13 min
The first way, the topmost one, is the Sahaja way (natural way). Krishna prescribes no method there. He says, “Arjuna, just come to Me and be seated in Me, be affirmed in Me, pretty steadfastly. Just do it. Simply, obviously, instantly.” That is the Sahaja way. “Do it directly, Arjuna. If you really are sincere, and if you really have love for Me, then do it right now, right here, right away. What are you waiting for? What do you require a method for? Nothing is needed. You have the intention, you really want it, you aren’t fooling yourself. I am here, come and be settled in Me and that’s it.”
उत्कृष्टता कैसे लाएँ जीवन में?
उत्कृष्टता कैसे लाएँ जीवन में?
9 min

आचार्य प्रशांत: बिना सोचे रिफ्लेक्शन (अवलोकन) लिखना, देखना लिख पाते हो कि नहीं। बस जब लिखा जा रहा हो तो रोक न देना उसको कि साबित करने के लिए कि लिखा ही नहीं जा सकता।

दुनिया की एक-एक कविता ऐसे ही लिखी गयी है। कवि हाथ को ढीला छोड़ देता

You May Be Wrong About Death: Bhagavad Gita’s Answer
You May Be Wrong About Death: Bhagavad Gita’s Answer
17 min
We have to investigate the meaning of the word ‘death’. When Shri Krishna says ‘death’, what does he mean? Is Shri Krishna looking at himself as a body? No. There is no way the author of these lines takes himself as a corporal being. Is Shri Krishna referring to himself as merely the Ātmān here? Well, yes and no. He does refer to himself as the Ātmān here, but the role that he is playing is not of Ātmān but of Avatar. Had he been merely the non-doer, Supreme Truth, then he would not have been found mortally present on the battlefield instructing Arjuna. So, discount these two and see what you are left with.
Bhagavad Gita Quotes, Chapter 1, The Grief of Arjun
Bhagavad Gita Quotes, Chapter 1, The Grief of Arjun
16 min

Kauravas are scattered on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, not unified. Bheeshm is there because of promise. Dronocharya is there because of loyalty to the state. Karna is there to replay an old debt. Pandavas, on the other hand are unified by Dharma.

~ Acharya Prashant, commentary on Bhagavad Gita, Chapter

Career Anxiety: Follow Your Heart or the Market?
Career Anxiety: Follow Your Heart or the Market?
7 min
Work. Where is the time to devote to anxiety? Where is the space to be anxious? If you are anxious about something, that thing is obviously important to you. Else you wouldn’t be anxious and if that thing is important, work. Work for that thing. The thing is not only important but also stands incomplete. That’s the reason you are anxious. Correct? If it stands incomplete, work, bring it to completion. Somebody said action is the antidote to despair. Action. Don’t just sit and brood, work. And life will become intolerable if you are not a worker.
Janmashtami Special: Now, Arjun, Fight! || AP Neem Candies
Janmashtami Special: Now, Arjun, Fight! || AP Neem Candies
7 min

Acharya Prashant: Where Arjun was standing, Krishna could see that the right action for him was to fight.

Remember that it is already a battleground. Remember that Krishna himself has tried the utmost to avert war. He himself has gone as a messenger to the court of Duryodhana and tried

Arjuna Gets Krishna, Duryodhana Finds Shakuni
Arjuna Gets Krishna, Duryodhana Finds Shakuni
10 min
If you want the Truth, you will certainly get Krishna. Krishna says very clearly, “I come to you in the form that you value and respect.” So if you respect pompousness, if you respect power and pelf, then you will get a grand guru who shines upon a podium just the way Duryodhana gets a guru like Shakuni because his central urge is not Krishna but throne.
Duryodhana's Mental State in the Mahabharat Battlefield
Duryodhana's Mental State in the Mahabharat Battlefield
63 min
Time is already short, and you cannot waste something you already are short on. And Duryodhana lost out on it. And it's the most regrettable thing when you observe a life gone waste, that too a life like Duryodhana's. Duryodhana is a very dark example of that wasted opportunity, and he realizes that. He was not ‘Duryodhana’ from the beginning, he was named as Suyodhana- someone who would be glorious in war-someone who could win the internal war.
Quotes on Destiny - Bhagavad Gita
Quotes on Destiny - Bhagavad Gita
12 min

Overview

We want to reach the end of wanting. We want completion, fulfillment in such a final way that we are left with nothing to want anymore. That’s the destination. Born a human being, you will have to act. Act rightly. Act for the right purpose. Live for the right

Let the Words Take You to Silence – Baba Bulle Shah
Let the Words Take You to Silence – Baba Bulle Shah
23 min
There is such great fun in leaving yourself behind and turning a servant to the Truth. It’s almost like Krishna advising Arjuna, “Talk in everlasting words and dedicate them all to Me—*mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja, sarva-dharmān parityajya*.” And at numerous places in the *Bhagavad Gita*, he says, “Arjuna, you are not fighting for yourself, you are fighting for Me. As long as you fight for yourself, if you win, you suffer, and if you lose, you suffer. And when you fight for Me, then you are a victor even before the fight begins.”
What Is the Main Concept of Bhagavad Gita?
What Is the Main Concept of Bhagavad Gita?
26 min
So, when you have to decide what to do, when you are in a mess like Arjun, respond to the call of love, respond to the call of freedom. Go in that direction where truth lies even if it costs you a lot, even if it seems unreasonable, even if it scares and terrifies you, even if you cannot explain to others or even yourself, “Why are you moving in such a way or in such a direction? Still move in that way. Read more....
The Most Famous Verses of the Bhagavad Gita
The Most Famous Verses of the Bhagavad Gita
16 min
Yada yada hi dharmasya glanirbhavati bharata abhyuttanam adharmasya tadaatmanaam srujamyaham
How about Reading the Gita? || AP Neem Candies
How about Reading the Gita? || AP Neem Candies
20 min

Acharya Prashant: How can I identify a master with my limited knowledge? How can I judge his words to be true or false? If I go by faith or seeing their simplicity or innocence, I’m labeled as a blind believer. What should I do?

What is all spirituality about? If

There is Only One God Today, and You Know the Name || AP Neem Candies
There is Only One God Today, and You Know the Name || AP Neem Candies
5 min

Acharya Prashant: The heroes down the centuries and history, I repeat, had clearly identifiable targets. You have to fight mankind. It’s a very helpless situation. Today's teacher or hero or prophet or messiah, whatever you want to call him, has to fight everybody. Just about everybody. He has to fight

Killing to Eat Flesh, You Call Yourself Human?
Killing to Eat Flesh, You Call Yourself Human?
34 min

Questioner: We have always been eating meat and drinking milk; it has been there since ancient times. So, my question to you is, is animal liberation or the vegan movement consistent with the ancient times of our land?

Acharya Prashant: There are a few myths that need to be dispelled.

To Witness Is Not to Think about Witnessing
To Witness Is Not to Think about Witnessing
6 min

Questioner: Sir, so one when day I was taking a bath, I was applying soap so there was a moment when I realized - the one who is applying the soap, and to whom it is getting applied to, both are somewhere different but both are one. But there is

Your Battle, Your Battlefield || AP Neem Candies
Your Battle, Your Battlefield || AP Neem Candies
3 min

Acharya Prashant: Arjuna's hell was in his day-to-day activities, your hell too lies in your day-to-day activities. Arjuna could sense the evil in what appeared normal to the others, you must also be able to sense that there is something extremely fishy in what appears normal to others.

Do not

Let Each of Us Have a Hundred Names
Let Each of Us Have a Hundred Names
7 min

Questioner: Hello, sir. I observed that Arjun has been basically called by Krishna by multiple names — Parth, Bharath, and then Kaunteya, that one clicked. So, I was just curious that it is just an ornamental value, or is there any significance to it?

Acharya Prashant: I think that's a

If You Love Krishna, Why Avoid/Distort the Gita?
If You Love Krishna, Why Avoid/Distort the Gita?
15 min
So, if I really love Krishna, obviously I will be going through the Gītā 2000 times. And in the light of Gītā , I will then read *Bhagavat Purana* , *Harivansh Purana* , many other *Puranas* ; and then I will be able to understand the stories in the Puranic way. Without understanding the Gītā , how will you understand the *Purana* ? Read more...
Why are You so Angry Over Yourself?
Why are You so Angry Over Yourself?
18 min

Acharya Prashant: Latha is saying, why does she get angry so often even over small matters? Especially with some people, she is unable to control anger and she says she tried to change her attitude but hasn’t been quite successful. She is saying, now, how to change myself. Because anger

What do Radha and Krishna Represent?
What do Radha and Krishna Represent?
4 min
The character of Radha is not present in any of the Upanishads, obviously, not in the Vedas. It is not sufficiently present even in the Puranas. With respect to the character of Sri Krishna, there are two Puranas mainly. There is the Shrimad Bhagavad Puran and there is the Harivansh Puran. These two are dedicated to Sri Krishna. Even in these two, Radha is scarcely mentioned. Read more....
Awaken the Poet within, else Life remains Asleep
Awaken the Poet within, else Life remains Asleep
6 min

Questioner: My question is, why is creativity, like poetry, dying these days? And poetry is a part of literature. And how much contribution of literature is there on the way to Adhyatma?

Acharya Prashant: See, the more you will lose touch with yourself, the more material your world will get.

What Makes You Do This?
What Makes You Do This?
61 min

Questioner: Sir, when you were growing up, is there any special memory, or any time you realized and had this aspiration to become, or go on the spiritual path? Is there something interesting related to your life, from your childhood, that you want us to know?

Acharya Prashant: First of

A Healthy Body, so that You Can Consume More and Destroy More?
A Healthy Body, so that You Can Consume More and Destroy More?
6 min

Acharya Prashant: Arjun has been taught that respecting elders is a virtue. Arjun has been taught that non-violence is a virtue. Arjun, has also been taught that defending your territory is a virtue. Now, these two things clash with each other. If he must defend his territory, then he must