Acharya Prashant addresses the question of how to determine if a person is good or bad based on their actions (Karma). He explains that every action has a desire (Kamna) behind it, which is the desire for a particular result. To understand the doer (Karta), one must look at the action, which is the path to reaching the doer. This means understanding the intention or desire for which the action was performed. For instance, someone might be doing a very good deed, one that is considered morally and traditionally right, like donating clothes or feeding the hungry. However, the underlying desire could be for praise, fame, or votes, or to hide other misdeeds. Therefore, understanding says that one cannot know if the person is doing good or bad just by looking at the action. One must ask what they want from that action. The speaker emphasizes that the source of an action can be known by looking at its end. The beginning contains the end. The source, the doer (Karta), is subtle and not visible. The Karta is the ego, which is not a physical object that can be seen through an X-ray or CT scan. Since the ego is the source of all actions, to know the source, one must see what the action is for, what desire it aims to fulfill. He states that no action can be definitively judged as good or bad without this understanding. An action might come from a center of desirelessness, which is good. Conversely, an action that is written in books as noble might be performed to fulfill a petty desire, which is not good at all. Acharya Prashant further explains that we are conditioned to judge based on a list of 'dos and don'ts'. This is a life of slavery. The fear of freedom makes people seek a pre-defined rulebook. He poses a question: what would you do if no one had ever told you what to do? This question reveals our deep-seated slavery, as our entire life is based on what others have told us to do. The most dangerous punishments in society are reserved for two types of people: criminals and saints, because both break the established laws. The liberated person can do anything, and their actions might be deemed criminal by the law, which only sees the action and not the doer. He concludes by stating that we judge others' actions because we have judged ourselves based on our actions, as we lack self-knowledge (Atma-gyan). Without self-knowledge, we cannot truly know the doer, either in ourselves or in others.