Acharya Prashant begins by addressing a question from students at Banaras Hindu University regarding the concept of Indian nationalism. The question posits that Indian nationalism is a modern concept, a product of British rule, and without it, no such thing would exist. The speaker refutes this by first defining what a nation (Rashtra) is. He explains that a nation is not merely a geographical or political entity but a subtle relationship, a community of people who feel interconnected. He contrasts this with the basis of Western nations, which are often founded on shared religion, ethnicity, race, language, or history. These foundations, he argues, are inherently divisive because they create an 'us versus them' dynamic, leading to conflict. The speaker asserts that the Indian nation is unique because its foundation is not based on these external factors but on a shared philosophy of life (Jeevan Darshan), a common insight, and a collective self-inquiry (Atma-jigyasa). This spiritual quest is what truly binds the people of India. He illustrates this with a verse from the Ramayana, where Shri Ram tells Lakshman that even a golden Lanka holds no appeal for him because his mother and motherland are greater than heaven. This signifies a connection that transcends material wealth and points towards a deeper, spiritual bond. India is described as a 'Sanatan Rashtra' (eternal nation) because its core principle is this timeless spiritual inquiry. This foundation is inclusive, as anyone, regardless of their background, can engage in self-inquiry. The speaker clarifies that while the nation (Rashtra) is a spiritual concept, the country (Desh) is its physical and political manifestation. The purpose of the Indian state (Bharat Desh) is to create a conducive environment for its people to pursue their spiritual quest peacefully. Therefore, the duty of the Indian state is to align its politics with the spiritual ethos of the Indian nation. The greatness of the country, he concludes, is measured by how well its governance supports this fundamental spiritual identity.